My Thoughts on Reframing “Introvert” and “Extrovert” as Spiritual Principles

I have observed that in my cultural milieu, the labels “introvert” and “extrovert” are commonly used to categorize people’s social behaviors and preferences. These terms often shape how we view ourselves and others—an introvert is typically seen as someone who is inwardly focused and recharges through solitude, while an extrovert is seen as someone who thrives on social interaction and finds energy in external engagement. However, I believe that when we approach these concepts through the lens of Baha’i Writings, we can see them not as rigid personality types, but as opportunities for spiritual growth and balance.

The Baha’i Perspective on Personal Development

The Baha’i Writings emphasize the importance of developing both our inner and outer selves. In this framework, social interaction is not confined to one’s personality trait but is a tool for spiritual growth and service to humanity. The Baha’i Writings call for a balance between the inner and outer worlds, which allows individuals to nurture their spiritual capacities while engaging with others in a meaningful and purposeful way.

Baha’u’llah stresses the importance of both self-reflection and active participation in the world. As we strive to become more connected with our Creator and with humanity, we can cultivate an inner life that is grounded in prayer, meditation, and reflection on the Word of God. At the same time, we are called to put those reflections into action. It’s my understanding that Baha’is are not counselled to cloister themselves off from the world. We are encouraged to act in the world and engage in community service. In this sense, both “introversion” and “extroversion” are necessary qualities for a balanced life, not fixed personality traits, but as aspects of a dynamic and evolving personal journey.

Cultivating the Inner World: Reflection and Prayer

The introverted qualities of contemplation, prayer, and quiet reflection have a deep spiritual foundation in the Baha’i Faith. Baha’u’llah encourages His followers to engage in regular prayer and meditation as a means of drawing closer to God. He writes:

“Be as a lamp unto them that walk in darkness, a joy to the sorrowful, a sea for the thirsty, a haven for the distressed, an upholder and defender of the victim of oppression.”

This emphasis on inner development requires solitude and introspection. Just as an introvert might find comfort and strength in being alone, the Baha’i teachings guide us to seek moments of stillness where we can deepen our understanding of ourselves and our relationship with God. In this way, an “introverted” person is often someone who has learned to look inward to find guidance and strength for their outward actions.

Engaging with the World: Service and Connection

On the other hand, the extroverted qualities of sociability, outreach, and service are also vital to the Baha’i teachings. Baha’is are motivated to engage actively with others and contribute to the collective wellbeing. The concept of “service” is central to the Baha’i Faith, and it calls for each individual to play an active role in improving the world around them to advance civilization towards justice, equity, and peace. Baha’u’llah says:

“The best beloved of all things in My sight is Justice; turn not away therefrom if thou desirest Me, and neglect it not that I may confide in thee.”

This call to action resonates with extroverted tendencies, where engaging with others is not just a personality preference but a spiritual duty. Whether it’s in small acts of kindness or large-scale community service, I believe Baha’is are urged to take their inner spiritual insights into the outer world, to help alleviate suffering, and to promote unity and understanding among all people.

Spiritual Balance: A Dynamic Process

Rather than seeing introversion and extroversion as opposing traits, the Baha’i Faith invites us to seek a balance. I think the inner life of an individual should not be neglected, and neither should outward social engagement be ignored. Spiritual growth happens when we can harmonize both aspects, turning our personal reflections into actionable wisdom that serves the greater good.

In practical terms, this might mean someone who is more introverted spends time in prayer and reflection, but then uses that inner peace and clarity to engage with others in a loving, constructive way. Likewise, an extroverted individual might be deeply involved in community service, but also remembers to retreat occasionally for solitude and renewal.

Conclusion

The Baha’i Writings help us understand that neither being “introverted” nor “extroverted” is inherently superior; rather, they are complementary forces that can guide us toward spiritual maturity. By drawing from both the introverted and extroverted aspects of our character, we can cultivate a life of balance, service, and spiritual growth. Through this lens, introversion and extroversion become not just personality traits but powerful spiritual principles that help us fulfill our true purpose in the world: to know, love, and serve God, and to build a just and united world.

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Mojgan Sami

Mojgan (Mo) Sami, PhD, is an Assistant Professor of Public Health at California State University Fullerton. She also serves on the Board of Directors for the American Heart Association of Orange County, Inland Empire and Coachella Valley and works with community partners on social and health justice in southern California. Her research on the structural determinants of health includes projects on the ways that systems and environments impact health and wellbeing. Dr. Sami has advisory roles with the World Health Organization and the International Union of Health Promotion and Education.